ISO INTERNATIONAL STANDARD 28902-2 First edition 2017-07 Air quality Environmental meteorology - Part 2: Ground-based remote sensing of wind by heterodyne pulsed Doppler lidar Qualite de I'air - Météorologie de I'environnement - Partie 2: Teledétection du vent par lidar Doppler pulsé héterodyne basée sur le sol Reference number ISO 28902-2:2017(E) ISO International Organization for Standardization @ IS0 2017 hout license from IHS IS0 28902-2:2017(E) COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT IS02017,PublishedinSwitzerland All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either ISO at the address below or ISO's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office Ch. de Blandonnet 8 . CP 401 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland Tel. +41 22 749 01 11 Fax +4122 749 09 47 [email protected] www.iso.org Intenationai br PrganizationforStandardization @ IS0 2017 - All rights reserved I by IHS unde etworking permitted without license from IHS IS0 28902-2:2017(E) Contents Page Foreword ..iv Introduction. ..V 1 Scope.. ..1 2 Normative references ...1. 3 Terms and definitions 4 Fundamentals of heterodyne pulsed Doppler lidar. 4.1 Overview .4 4.2 Heterodyne detection 4.3 Spectral analysis .7 4.4 Target variables. 10 4.5 Sources of noise and uncertainties .10 4.5.1 Localoscillatorshotnoise .10 4.5.2 Detectornoise. ..11 4.5.3 Relative intensity noise (RIN) ..11 4.5.4 Speckles. .11 4.5.5 Laser frequency ..11 4.6 Range assignment .11 4.7 Known limitations. .11 5 System specifications and tests .12 5.1 System specifications ..12 5.1.1 Transmitter characteristics ..12 5.1.2 Transmitter/receiver characteristics ..13 5.1.3 Signal sampling parameters. .13 5.1.4 Pointing system characteristics .14 5.2 Relationship between system characteristics and performance ..15 5.2.1 Figure of merit ..15 5.2.2 Time-bandwidth trade-offs . .16 5.3 Precision and availability of measurements. .17 5.3.1 Radialvelocitymeasurementaccuracy .17 5.3.2 Data availability ..17 5.3.3 Maximum operational range. ..17 5.4 Testing procedures. .18 5.4.1 General. .18 5.4.2 Radialvelocitymeasurementvalidation .18 5.4.3 Assessment of accuracy by intercomparison with other instrumentation .20 5.4.4 Maximum operational range validation.. .21 6 Measurement planning and installation instructions .23 6.1 Site requirements .23 6.2 Limiting conditions for general operation 23 6.3 Maintenance and operational test 24 6.3.1 General. 24 6.3.2 Maintenance 24 6.3.3 Operational test .24 6.3.4 Uncertainty ..24 Annex A (informative) Continuous-wave Doppler wind lidar .26 Annex B (informative) Retrieval of the wind vector. ..27 Annex C (informative) Applications .32 Annex D (informative) Typical application ranges and corresponding requirements ..36 Bibliography. .38 iii ed without license from IHS