INTERNATIONAL ISO/IEC STANDARD 20546 First edition 2019-02 Information technology - Big data - Overview and vocabulary Technologies de I'information - Mégadonnées - Vue d'ensemble et vocabulaire Reference number IEC IS0/IEC 20546:2019(E) @IS0/IEC 2019 IS0/IEC 20546:2019(E) COPYRIGHTPROTECTEDDOCUMENT @ IS0/IEC 2019 All rights reserved. Unless otherwise specified, or required in the context of its implementation, no part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized otherwise in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, or posting on the internet or an intranet, without prior written permission. Permission can be requested from either IsO at the address below or Iso's member body in the country of the requester. ISO copyright office CP 401 : Ch. de Blandonnet 8 CH-1214 Vernier, Geneva Phone: +4122 749 0111 Fax: +41 22 749 09 47 Email: [email protected] Website: www.iso.org Published in Switzerland ii @ IS0/IEC 2019 - All rights reserved IS0/IEC 20546:2019(E) Contents Page Foreword ..iv Introduction. ..V 1 Scope. ..1 2 Normative references 3 Terms, definitions and abbreviated terms 3.1 Terms and definitions ..1 3.2 Abbreviated terms... ..6 Key characteristics of big data .6 4 4.1 General .6 4.2 Key data characteristics ..6 4.2.1 Data volume 6 4.2.2 Data velocity .6 4.2.3 Data variety .6 4.2.4 Data variability .6 4.3 Key data processing characteristics .7 4.3.1 Data science .7 4.3.2 Data volatility .7 4.3.3 Data veracity .7 4.3.4 Benefit. 4.3.5 Data visualization. 7 4.3.6 Structured and unstructured data 7 4.3.7 Scaling 7 4.3.8 Distributed file system. .8 4.3.9 Distributed data processing 4.3.10 Non-relational databases. .8 Annex A (informative) Cross-cutting concepts of big data .9 Bibliography .12 @ IS0/IEC 2019 - All rights reserved iii