NTERNATI0NAL STANDARD (ISO)2975/ I Measurement of water flow in closed conduits - Tracer methods - Part Ill : Constant rate iniection method using radioactive tracers Mesure de debit de I'eau dans les conduites fermees -- Methodes par traceurs Partie lll : Methode d'injection a debit constant, utilisant des traceurs radioactifs First edition - 1976-08-15 ISO 2975/I-1976 (E) UDC 681.121.84 Ref. No. ISO 2975/lI-1976 (E) flow measurement, water flow, pipe flow, tracer method, radioactive isotopes, testing conditions, colorimetric analysis. Descriptors fluorimetricanalysis,conductimetricanalysis,erroranalysis Price based on 11 pages Not for Resale FOREWORD ISO (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards institutes (iSO Member Bodies). The work of developing International Standards is carried out through ISO Technical Committees. Every Member Body interested in a subject for which a Technical Committee has been set up has the right to be represented on that Committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with sO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the Technical Committees are circulated to the Member Bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the isO Council. International Standard ISO 2975/lll was drawn up by Technical Committee ISo/TC 30, Measurement of fluid flow in closed conduits, and was circulated to the Member Bodies in April 1975. It has been approved by the Member Bodies of the following countries : Australia Italy Turkey Belgium Netherlands United Kingdom Czechoslovakia Romania U.S.S.R. France Spain Yugoslavia Germany Switzerland The Member Body of the following country expressed disapproval of the document on technical grounds : U.S.A. @ Intarnational Organization for Standardization, 1976 : Printed in Switzerland d without license from IHS Not for Resale ISO 2975/IIl-1976 (E) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD Measurement of water flow in closed conduits Tracer methods - Part Ill : Constant rate injection method using radioactive tracers 0 INTRODUCTION The tracer rate at the injection point is equal to the rate at which it passes the sampling point : This International Standard is the third of a series of standards covering tracer methods of water flow measure- q C, + Q C = (Q +q) C2 ment in closed conduits. The complete series of standards Where Co is the initial concentration in the stream which will be as follows : is flowing at the rate Q. Part I : General. Hence : C1- C2 - Part il : Constant rate injection method using non- b=0 radioactive tracers. C2- Co Part Ill : Constant rate injection method using radio- Generally C, is much greater than C2 which leads to a active tracers. simplification of equation (1) as follows : Part IV : Integration (sudden injection) method C1 Q=q7 using non-radioactive tracers. C2 - Co Part V : integration (sudden injection) method using When C2 is much greater than Co, the equation can be radioactive tracers. reduced still further to Part VI : Transit time method using non-radioactive C1 b=0 tracers. C2 Part Vll : Transit time method using radioactive Flow rate Q can thus be determined by comparing the tracers. concentration of the injected solution with the concen tration of samples removed from the conduit. 1 SCOPE AND FIELD OF APPLICATION This International Standard specifies the constant rate 3 REQUIRED CONDITIONS injection method using radioactive tracers for the measure- ment of water flow rate in closed conduits. 3.1 Tracer For the constant rate injection method the tracer shall meet 2 PRINCIPLE the general requirements defined in 5.1 of part 1. A list of generally used tracers is given in 5.1.2 of part I and their Flow rate measurement by a constant rate injection method advantages with respect to non-radioactive tracers are stated is based on a comparison between the concentration C, of in 5.2.1.1 and 5.2.1.2. a tracer continuou